guardian.co.uk,
Tuesday 15 November 2011
People walk along the main road to Goma in Democratic Republic of Congo after fleeing fighting. The country can ill afford to pay off vultures. Photograph: Reuters |
How do
vulture funds make their money?
They buy up
the debts of countries in chaos and war, speculating on the fact that when
investors finally come back into the country – often encouraged by generous
debt writedown schemes and International Monetary Fund programmes – the
vultures will get their money back with huge interest on top, benefiting from
the fledgling trade and new liquidity.
What's
wrong with that?
These
desperately poor countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo, for
example, where 100 women a week are dying in childbirth, have better things to
do with their money than pay off the vultures. Investors and companies who want
to put money into rebuilding the countries, by investing in natural resources –
mining, gold, diamonds and cobalt for example – simply stay away. They worry
that they will also be targeted by the vultures by getting involved in joint
projects with the government. One vulture fund, FG Hemisphere, tried to seize
the embassy of the DRC in Washington as payment for the debt.
How big is
the problem with these vulture funds?
The World
Bank estimates that more than one-third of the countries that have qualified
for its debt relief programmes have been targeted with lawsuits by at least 26
vultures. The funds have so far received payouts totalling $1bn.
Why is the
Jersey loophole so important?
Many
countries have now banned the vulture funds from collecting on the debts
through their courts. But a few places, mainly tax havens like Jersey and the
British Virgin Islands, still have not closed the loophole. Next month one
vulture is hoping for a $100m payout through a court in Jersey. There is still
a flock of at least another 22 vultures waiting for a further $1.3bn in
payouts.
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