Yahoo – AFP,
Peter Harmsen, 29 May 2014
 |
Robert
Nilsson, a mechanic with Toyota in the Swedish city of Gothenburg,
prepares a
part of a rear window to be attached to a Toyota Prius car on May 8,
2014 (AFP
Photo/Peter Harmsen)
|
Gothenburg
(Sweden) (AFP) - Robert Nilsson, a 25-year-old mechanic in Sweden's second city
Gothenburg, may be the harbinger of a future where people work less and still
enjoy a high standard of living.
He gets out
of bed at the same time as everyone else, but instead of rushing to work, he
takes it easy, goes for a jog, enjoys his breakfast, and doesn't arrive at his
Toyota workshop until noon, only to punch out again at 6:00 pm.
"My
friends hate me. Most of them think because I work six hours, I shouldn't be
paid for eight," Nilsson said, talking while fitting part of a rear window
onto a Toyota Prius with swift, expert moves.
 |
A woman
smells cherry trees in full
blossom at Kungstradgarden in central
Stockholm on
April 17, 2014 (AFP
Photo/Jonathan Nackstrand)
|
Sweden
often stuns first-time visitors with its laid-back prosperity, making
foreigners wonder how it is possible to have both lots of money and lots of
leisure.
Part of the
answer, according to economists, is a productive and well-educated workforce
that adapts to new technologies quicker than most.
Exactly how
much –- or how little –- Swedes work compared with other nations is a somewhat
open question.
"We
have a 40-hour work week, but also we have a little more absence than many
people and we start work late in life because we study longer," said Malin
Sahlen, an analyst at Timbro, a libertarian Stockholm-based think tank.
In 2012,
the average Swede worked a total of 1,621 hours, according to the Paris-based
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
This is
more than the Netherlands with 1,381 hours, but less than Britain with 1,654
hours or the United States with 1,790 hours – and way below Chile's 2,029 and
Mexico's 2,226 hours.
"We
could work more, that's a fact," said Sahlen.
Less is
more
But far
from looking to increase time spent at work, some in Sweden are out to prove
that less is more and that cutting hours can boost productivity.
In an
international productivity ranking by the Conference Board, a non-profit
business research organisation, Sweden was already placed close to the top, coming
11th out of 61 countries.
The United
States was third, the Netherlands number five, and Britain number 13, whereas
Chile and Mexico were both in the bottom third.
Now, the
Social Democrat-led city government in Gothenburg is planning to test the impact
of shorter hours on productivity, in an experiment beginning on July 1.
One group
of government workers in the elderly care sector are to work six hours a day,
while another will work the eight they are used to.
After a
year, the municipal government will analyse the results and decide whether the
six-hour day brings enough savings -- in the form of fewer sick days for
instance -- that it warrants becoming permanent and extended to other sectors.
So far, the
plan is limited to the civil service, but city councillor Mats Pilhem of the
Left Party is convinced that all of Sweden is headed towards a shorter work
day.
"People
have long work lives, and it's necessary to think of ways to create a more
humane environment for them in the workplace," he said.
'Crazy
idea'
Critics like
Timbro's Sahlen warn the math does not add up in terms of the wider economy,
saying it would be far too expensive to make a large part of the labour force
work 25 percent less -- for the same pay.
"I
think it's a crazy idea and I don't think it's going to be reality
either," she said.
Opponents
say shorter workweeks have been experimented across Europe -- 35 hours in
France and Germany, an average of 30 hours in the Netherlands -- to mixed
economic results.
"It's
the kind of populist and socialist policy that's very dangerous for the
economy, and we shouldn't go through with it," warned Maria Ryden, a
member of Gothenburg city council for the centre-right Moderates, which oppose
the plans.
"We're
capable of working more."
 |
Swedes relax at the Tyresö Castle,
south-east of Stockholm on June 22,
2007 (AFP Photo/Sven Nackstrand)
|
But
proponents of cutting the workday point at short term benefits in the form of
fewer sick days, and greater efficiency at work due to fewer breaks.
And they
argue greater savings will come in the long run, with a workforce that is less
exhausted and therefore more productive as it approaches retirement.
'Saw the
results'
Left-wing
councillor Pilhem says the concept has already proven its merits -- at mechanic
Nilsson's workplace, Toyota.
Toyota's
Gothenburg branch introduced the six-hour day in 2002 to make its facilities more
efficient by having two shifts, one in the morning and one in the afternoon,
instead of a single, longer one.
Nilsson
confirms that in his experience a six-hour day -- paid as much as eight -- is
more efficient because it requires fewer breaks.
"Every
time you have a break, it takes 10 to 15 minutes to get back to work, because
you have to see where you were when you left off," he said.
That
efficiency is reflected in the salary, as the Toyota workshop pays technicians
like Nilsson 29,700 Swedish kronor (3,300 euro, $4,510) a month, well above the
25,100 kronor (2,790 euro, $3,810) national average for workers in the private
sector.
"It
was a huge success straight away," said Toyota service centre manager
Elisabeth Jonsson.
"We
saw the results, and everything was working for the staff, for the company, for
the customers, so I don't think we ever had any discussion about putting an end
to it."
