Dutch Queen
Beatrix will pass on the crown to her son April 30. In the other European
monarchies, the next generation is ready as well. But it's unlikely that
Beatrix's abdication will start a European game of thrones.
After 30
years on the throne, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands declared in a televised
address in January, shortly before her 75th birthday, she would abdicate on
Koniginnedag (Queen's Day) on April 30, 2013. "I am abdicating not because
my duties are becoming too burdensome, but because I am convinced that it is
time for the responsibility for our country to pass to a new generation,"
Beatrix declared matter-of-factly. "On 30 April this year, with the utmost
confidence, I shall hand over the duties of the monarchy to my son, the Prince
of Orange."
For many
Dutch and monarchy fans in all of Europe, the step didn't really come as a
surprise, as Beatrix's mother and her grandmother had also relinquished the
crown to make way for the next generation.
Senior
citizens on the throne
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Beatrix will soon relinquish the Dutch crown and scepter |
In the
other reigning monarchies in Europe, the kings and queens are well past
retirement age as well. There will be a lot of passing-on-the-scepter in a few
years for biological reasons alone. Spry British Queen Elizabeth II recently
turned 87. Her son Charles has been waiting for a long time and, at 64 years of
age, is about to become a grandfather. Denmark's Queen, chain-smoker Margrethe
II is 73 years old, and her son Frederick is 44. At 76, introverted King Harald
of Norway is one year ahead of Beatrix; his son and successor Haakon is 40
years old. In Sweden, King Carl XVI Gustaf, 68, manages to hang on to the
crown, despite his various sexual affairs having been made public. His daughter
Victoria, 35, is much more popular with the subjects and would be accepted as
queen immediately.
In Belgium,
almost 80-year-old Albert II holds the reigns. His son Phillipp is 53 and has
already taken over numerous tasks from his father. In Spain, the monarch is
under a lot of pressure from the "real world," because he is
suspected by some of being involved in a bribery scandal. King Juan Carlos, 75,
is in poor health and, after a slew of extramarital affairs, far from the
popular monarch he once was. Crown prince Felipe would like to supersede his
father, but "the king will never abdicate." At least that's what Juan
Carlos' wife Queen Sofia says about him.
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European royalty from Luxembourg, Sweden, Spain, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium and Norway |
"Royal
heirs aren't unemployed"
Historian
and royalty expert Monika Wienfort from the University of Braunschweig in
northern Germany does not believe that the people want to get rid of elderly
monarchs.
"I
don't think that the people in these countries prefer to see the young princes
and princesses more often," said Wienfort. "I rather believe that by
taking on responsibilities on the regional level, the heirs to the throne
simply perform a certain function already."
The more or
less young royal children grow into their responsibilities and are by no means
unemployed or bored, added Wienfort: "The way it's handled now also solves
the problem of the structural lack of purpose for the heir apparent and their
spouse."
Abdication
unlikely
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Kunze: "Beatrix no model for British Queen" |
More royal
abdications like the one in the Netherlands aren't impossible. Every king or
queen has the right to step down from the throne. If the pope can do it, so can
the crowned heads of Europe, historian and monarchy researcher Rolf-Ulrich
Kunze says. But just because they can does not mean they are likely to do so,
as Kunze pointed out to DW: "It's hard to tell whether one of them would,
because it's always connected to very personal constellations, to the family
situation in the royal dynasties. And this has less to do with structural
things like constitutional questions."
The
Netherlands are not a model for the British monarchy, according to Kunze. While
the Dutch look at their monarch as a functional head of state with political
tasks, the British Queen, who has been on the throne for nearly 61 years,
epitomizes the national identity. "They're very different cases. The two
dynasties have taken different paths because of the functions they fulfill in
their respective countries," Kunze said.
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Queen Elizabeth II has been on the throne for 60 years |
"The
subjects are enjoying it"
The
parliamentary monarchies in seven European countries aren't going anywhere in
the near future, according to royalty historian Wienfort. "I believe most
citizens in monarchies are actually enjoying their royals. In the Netherlands
for example people are looking forward to the Koniginnedag, when Beatrix will
abdicate, as a big celebration."
There are
no serious intentions to get rid of this form of government in any of the
countries, only small protests by republican-minded groups, Wienford explained.
"Every now and then, these groups are looking for a way into the
spotlight. But they don't actually stand a chance in achieving a turn away from
the monarchy."
Monarchism
has survived in Europe in places where there were no revolutions or uprisings
like the ones in France, Italy or Germany. In the worst-case scenario, fallen
kings and queens could always move in with their relatives abroad, because all
of Europe's royal families are somehow related to one another and to German
aristocracy.
Close
relations between Netherlands and Germany
The Dutch
royal dynasty Orange-Nassau is basically a German family.
"The
relation couldn't be closer," said Kunze. "We can hear this each time
the Dutch national anthem, the 'Wilhelmus,' is sung, where it says 'William of
Nassau am I, of German blood.'"
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The next two generations of Dutch rulers: Willem-Alexander and his family |
The
dynasty's founding father, William of Orange-Nassau, is from Dillenburg in
today's state of Hesse. He inherited the tiny French principality of Orange and
so rose through the ranks of high nobility. "The relationship with Germany
has been close since the early modern age, and it has remained close through
marriages," Kunze said.
The
husbands of the last three Dutch queens were all Germans. But the new king,
Willem-Alexander, has broken with this spousal tradition. His wife
Maxima is a "commoner" from Argentina.