German
parliamentarians are demanding access to documents that contain the US position
on transatlantic trade negotiations. TTIP supporters in the US argue that
Washington shouldn't lay all of its cards on the table.
In Germany,
the documents are only available in the US embassy in Berlin. Known as
"consolidated texts," they can contain the positions of both Brussels
and Washington on key aspects of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment
Partnership (TTIP).
Access to
the embassy reading room has been limited to 139 German government officials
cleared by the Ministry for Economic Affairs. National parliamentarians do not
have access under the current process, according to the US embassy's
German-language website.
The German
parliament is chafing under the restrictions. Even Chancellor Angela Merkel's
center-right Christian Democrats, who support strong trans-Atlantic relations
and generally favor a trade agreement with the US, have grown critical. Norbert
Lammert, president of the Bundestag, warned this week that parliament would not
approve an agreement if it wasn't given greater oversight during the
negotiations.
"I see
no chance that the Bundestag would ratify a trade agreement between the EU and
the USA without involvement in how it came together or any say regarding
alternatives," Lammert said.
According
to Daniel Hamilton, the executive director of the Center for Transatlantic
Relations at Johns Hopkins University, Washington is concerned that providing
greater access to the draft documents will result in leaks that could undermine
the negotiations before a text is finalized.
"The
real answer here is that in the end TTIP will be a mixed agreement in EU
jargon, which means all member-state parliaments plus the European parliament
will have to approve it," Hamilton told DW.
"So 29
different parliaments will have to approve this," he said. "They will
have full access to everything obviously once they get that far, but they're
not that far."
'Disenchantment
with the EU'
The US
position has softened somewhat. Until May, the consolidated texts weren't
available in the EU member states at all. There was a reading room at the US
mission in Brussels where cleared officials could view the draft documents.
Under
pressure from the member states, Brussels negotiated with Washington to make
the documents more accessible. The two sides agreed to set up reading rooms in
US embassies throughout the EU. The current arrangement is based on the
practice in Washington, where select officials are given clearance to read
draft trade documents in secured rooms.
"There's
been a lot more transparency than we've had in the past," Joseph Quinlan,
an expert on trans-Atlantic economic relations and chief market strategist at
US Trust, told DW. "You can't show the world your cards and not expect the
people you're negotiating with across the table not to know what your cards
are. There's a fine line there."
Many
believe the process is still too opaque. According to the daily Tagesspiegel,
those officials who have been cleared can only access the reading room two at
time, twice a week, for two hours each session. And they can only use a pencil,
pen and paper to take limited notes, the daily says.
Some
organizations have taken matters into their own hands. Wikileaks has offered a
100,000-euro ($110,090) reward for TTIP documents. There have been repeated
Internet leaks to the investigative journalism platform Correctiv.org, based in
Germany.
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Wikileaks also wants access to the documents |
In
response, the European Commission temporarily allowed access only to the
Brussels reading room over the summer, refusing to forward the consolidated
texts to the national capitals. German Vice Chancellor Sigmar Gabriel - a
cautious supporter of TTIP - criticized the move, calling it a "very
regrettable step backward."
"There's
disenchantment with the EU and the Commission broadly across Europe, and TTIP
becomes an area in which they vent those frustrations," Hamilton said.
Strong
German opposition
Limiting
access to the consolidated texts may be fueling the anti-TTIP fire. In October,
more than 150,000 people protested against the proposed trade agreement in
Berlin, the largest demonstrations in Germany since the run-up to the Iraq war
in 2003. According to a 2014 Eurobarometer poll, 39 percent of Germans support
TTIP while 41 percent are against.
"There's
a general sense in Germany that German standards are world class and that
American standards simply aren't and that it's all about the American Übermacht
coming over and steam rolling the European way of life," Hamilton said.
"Without much substance behind that, it's kind of a gut feeling."
The opposition
is more pronounced in Germany. In the other major EU states, clear public
majorities support the trade deal - 65 percent in the UK, 50 percent in France,
58 percent in Italy, and 73 percent in Poland. But as the EU's largest economy
and most populous country, the success or failure of TTIP will likely be
decided in Germany.
"I
don't think the [German] government nor the members of parliament who are pro
TTIP have been very well organized," Hamilton said. "They have not
tried to articulate the case why you want TTIP. The business community
has been passive."
"Those
criticizing have been well organized," Hamilton said. "They have a
pan-European organizational structure and they are active. They have simply
taken the initiative away from the proponents."
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