Yahoo – AFP,
Ella Ide, 12 April 2015
Vatican City (AFP) - Pope Francis uttered the word "genocide" on Sunday to describe the mass murder of Armenians 100 years ago in a move likely to anger Turkey.
Pope
Francis (centre) leaves after a mass of First Vespers in St Peter
Basilica at
the Vatican on April 11, 2015 (AFP Photo/Andreas Solaro)
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Vatican City (AFP) - Pope Francis uttered the word "genocide" on Sunday to describe the mass murder of Armenians 100 years ago in a move likely to anger Turkey.
"In
the past century our human family has lived through three massive and
unprecedented tragedies," he said during a solemn mass in Saint Peter's
Basilica to mark the centenary of the Ottoman killings of Armenians.
"The
first, which is widely considered 'the first genocide of the 20th century',
struck your own Armenian people," he said, quoting a statement signed by
Pope John Paul II and the Armenian patriarch in 2001.
Children
visit the genocide memorial,
which commemorates the 1915 mass
killing of
Armenians in the Ottoman
Empire, in Yerevan on April 10, 2015
(AFP Photo/Karen
Minasyan)
|
While
Francis did not use his own words to describe the murders as genocide, it was
the first time the term was spoken aloud in connection with Armenia by a head
of the Roman Catholic Church in Saint Peter's Basilica.
"It
was a very courageous act to repeat clearly that it was a genocide,"
Vatican expert Marco Tosatti told AFP.
"By
quoting John Paul II he strengthened the Church's position, making it clear
where it stands on the issue," he added.
'Immense
and senseless slaughter'
The
Argentine pope described the "immense and senseless slaughter" and
spoke of the duty to "honour their memory, for whenever memory fades, it
means that evil allows wounds to fester."
The
78-year-old head of the Roman Catholic Church had been under pressure to use
the term "genocide" publicly to describe the slaughter, despite the
risk of alienating an important ally in the fight against radical Islam.
Before
becoming pope, Jorge Bergoglio used the word several times in events marking
the mass murders, calling on Turkey to recognise the killings as such,
according to religious news agency I.Media.
As pope,
Francis is said to have used it once during a private audience in 2013 -- but
even that sparked an outraged reaction from Turkey.
Armenians
say up to 1.5 million of their kin were killed between 1915 and 1917 as the
Ottoman Empire was falling apart, and have long sought to win international
recognition of the massacres as genocide.
But Turkey
rejects the claims, arguing that 300,000 to 500,000 Armenians and as many Turks
died in civil strife when Armenians rose up against their Ottoman rulers and
sided with invading Russian troops.
More than
20 nations, including France and Russia, recognise the killings as genocide.
Vatican
expert John Allen said ahead of the mass that the "truly bold" thing
for Francis to do was "show restraint" -- something the pope may feel
he has achieved by uttering the word "genocide" but only while
quoting his Polish predecessor.
When
Francis visited Turkey in November, President Recep Erdogan offered the pontiff
a pact under which he would defend Christians in the Middle East in exchange
for the Church tackling Islamophobia in the West, Allen said -- describing it
as "a potential game-changer."
There was
no immediate reaction from Turkey to the pope's words.
'Shedding
of innocent blood'
In 2014,
Erdogan, then premier, offered condolences for the mass killings for the first
time, but the country still blames unrest and famine for many of the deaths.
Francis said the other two genocides of the 20th century were "perpetrated by Nazism and Stalinism", before pointing to more recent mass killings in Cambodia, Rwanda, Burundi and Bosnia.
"It
seems that humanity is incapable of putting a halt to the shedding of innocent
blood," he said.
The pope
pointed to Armenia's particular importance as "the first Christian
nation", being the first country to adopt Christianity as its state
religion in 301 AD.
Those
murdered a century ago were mainly Christian and although the killings were not
openly driven by religious motives, the pontiff drew comparisons with modern
Christian refugees fleeing Islamic militants.
He referred
once again to the modern day as "a time of war, a third world war which is
being fought piecemeal", and evoked the "muffled and forgotten
cry" of those "decapitated, crucified, burned alive, or forced to
leave their homeland."
"Today
too we are experiencing a sort of genocide created by general and collective
indifference," he said.
Pope
Francis and the head of Armenia’s Orthodox church, Karekin II, greet each other
during an Armenian-rite mass in St Peter’s Basilica. Photograph:
Gregorio Borgia/AP
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